British colonisation of the Americas began way back in 1607, and reached its peak in 1733 when a total of 13 colonies (conveniently known as the
Thirteen Colonies) had been established throughout, further expanding the
British Empire. Following political upheaval in the 1760s and 1770s known as the
American Revolution (primarily over representation, local laws and tax issues), the Thirteen Colonies united militarily in opposition to Great Britain. The British responded by sending combat troops to re-establish royalist control, leading to the
American Revolutionary War in 1775.
George Washington became the American Commander (and thus its first president). In 1776 the newly-formed American congress, consisting of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies, declared their independence and formed a new nation, the United States of America. The
Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4th, 1776, now celebrated as Independence Day. Shortly thereafter, the British lost their hold on Boston but captured and held New York City. The French then got involved in 1778 as allies of the United States. The British Army was fully captured by 1781, effectively ending the war. A peace treaty in 1783, the
Treaty of Paris (just one of many that go by the same name), confirmed the new nation's complete separation from the British Empire.
As for the Green Dragon Tavern here, it was deemed the "Headquarters of the Revolution". The
Sons of Liberty, which included
Samuel Adams and
Paul Revere, would hold regular meetings here during the time of the American Revolution (as depicted in the painting on the wall) to discuss and plan. The Boston Tea Party was planned here in 1773, and Paul Revere (whose former home we passed on the Freedom trail) was sent from here on his
famous horse ride in 1775 to warn colonial militia in neighbouring Massachusetts towns of approaching British forces before the
Battles of Lexington and Concord - the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War.